This study explores the impact of clean energy and non-renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions and economic growth within two phases (formative and expansion) of renewable energy diffusion for three selected countries (France. Spain. and Sweden). The vector autoregression (VAR) model is estimated on the basis of annual data disaggregated into quarterly data. https://countryscenesaddleryandpetsuppliers.shop/product-category/barcoo-bridles-stock-bridles/