Refueling decisions of liner ships are facing challenges from both fuel price fluctuations and carbon emission constraints. This paper proposes a multistage stochastic programming model to tackle the refueling problem for dual-fuel ships under carbon intensity indicator (CII) rating limit and carbon tax costs. The model also takes into account various factors. including fuel consumpti... https://www.parisnaturalfoodes.shop/product-category/leutin-zeanthine/